High expression level of homocitrulline is correlated with seborrheic keratosis and skin aging

Abstract Backgroud Homocitrulline (Hcit), is involved in the pathological processes of some diseases. However, the role and function of Hcit (CBL) in human skin remains largely obscure. Objective To investigate the correlation of the level of Hcit in seborrheic keratosis, skin aging, and its clinical significance. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the level of Hcit in skin lesions of seborrheic keratosis (SK), unaffected skin (distant 0.5 centimeters from SK lesion), and normal skin of healthy subjects in the control group. ELISA test was used to detect the serum level of CBL in SK patients and healthy subjects of different ages. Results Hcit was mainly localized in the nucleus of epidermal cells. In healthy control skin, the expression of Hcit increased with age and showed a positive correlation with age (the correlation coefficient was 0.806, p = 0.0002). The expressional level of Hcit in SK lesions was higher than that in healthy control skin (Z = −3.703, p = 0.0002). The serum level of CBL in healthy subjects and in SK patients increased with age (the correlation coefficient were 0.5763, p = 0.0032; 0.682, p = 0.004. respectively). The serum level of CBL in SK patients was higher than that in healthy subjects (Z = −2.19, p = 0.030). Study limitations The small serum sample size in the study. Conclusion The high expressional level of Hcit is correlated with seborrheic keratosis and skin aging. HCit may be one of the potential biomarkers of skin aging.

Analysis of 8 Cases of Blau Syndrome/Early-onset Sarcoidosis——Clinical Manifestations, Histopathology Features and Gene Mutation Diversity / 罕见病研究

  Objective  To summarize the clinical manifestations, pathological features and gene mutation diversity of Blau syndrome/early-onset sarcoidosis.  Methods  We collected general data, clinical manifestations, and auxiliary examination results from 8 patients who were diagnosed of Blau syndrome/early-onset sarcoidosis and treated in our hospital from January 2011 to December 2022, and then summarized and analyzed their characteristics and diversity.  Results  Among the 8 patients, 4 were males and 4 were females. The onset age was 3 to 8 months old. Rash was the first symptom in 7 patients(87.5%). 6 patients(75.0%) had papules and erythema.3 cases(37.5%) had arthritis. 2 cases(25.0%) had uveitis and other eye inflammation. 4 cases (50.0%) also showed intermittent fever. 3 cases (37.5%) showed symptoms in nerve and respiratory system, and hypertension respectively. The skin histopathology of 8 patients showed non-caseous granuloma formation. In laboratory detection, CRP and TNF-α were significantly increased before treatment, while IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and IL-2 receptor(IL-2R) were significantly decreased in 5 patients after glucocorticoid therapy. The results of genetic testing showed that 4 of the 7 patients had p.R334W(c.1000C > T) mutation, 1 had p.H313R(c.938A > G) and p.R471C(c.1411C > T)double mutation, and 1 had p.476_477del (c.1427_1429delcct).  Conclusions  Blau syndrome/early-onset sarcoidosis has significant features in clinical manifestations, histopathology and gene mutation, but it also has diversity.

Optimization of production process of Aeromonas veronii CA07 strain inactivated vaccine / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Abstract：Objective To optimize the production process of inactivated vaccine of Aeromonas veronii（AV）CA07 strain. Methods The fermentation culture process of AV CA07 strain liquid was determined through the optimization of the culture time（2～16 h），medium（optimized fermentation medium，LB medium and NB medium）and fermentation conditions（in⁃ oculation amount of 1%，5%，10% and 15%；ventilation rate of 2，4，6 and 8 L／min and fermentation time of 6，8，10 and 12 h）. The optimal inactivation process was determined through the comparison of the final concentration of formalde⁃ hyde solution（0. 10%，0. 20%，0. 30% and 0. 40%），inactivation temperature（28 and 37 ℃）and inactivation time（24， 48 and 72 h）. The large⁃scale production process of inactivated vaccine of AV CA07 strain in 500 L fermentor was estab⁃ lished and the prepared vaccines were tested for safety and immunogenicity. Results The optimal inoculation amount of AV CA07 strain was 5%，ventilation rate was 4 L／min and culture time was 10 ~ 12 h. The optimal inactivation condition was adding formaldehyde solution with final concentration of 0. 30% incubating at 37 ℃ for 24 h. The number of viable bacteria in the fermentation broth of AV CA07 strain prepared in 500 L fermentor was more than 8 × 109 CFU／mL. All crucian carps immunized with the inactivated vaccine by abdomen survived. After challenge，the relative immune protection rate was more than 90%. Conclusion AV CA07 strain inactivated vaccine prepared by optimized production process showed good safety and immunogenicity.

Research progress on pharmacological characteristics，safety and drug combination of remimazolam / 中国药房

Remimazolam （toluenesulfonate） is a new type of ultra short-acting water-soluble benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic drug， which was launched in China on December 26， 2019， for sedation during routine gastroscopy and colonoscopy as well as induction and maintenance under general anesthesia， breaking a 30-year period in which no innovative sedation drugs were marketed in China. This article reviewed the pharmacological characteristics， safety and combined use of remimazolam. Remimazolam had the advantages of high clearance rate， short action time， rapid recovery， stable hemodynamics， and low respiratory inhibition. It is independent of liver and kidney metabolism， and can be quickly antagonized by flumazenil， with little impact on the cognitive function of patients. Remimazolam has shown good respiratory and circulatory stability in combination with intravenous anesthetics such as propofol and esketamine， and opioid analgesics such as sufentanil， remifentanil， and alfentanil， as well as advantages such as rapid awakening and recovery. However， its safety still needs to be further monitored and explored during clinical use.

Efficacy and Safety of Decitabine Combined with Modified EIAG Regimen in the Treatment of Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia and High-risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the efficacy, prognosis and safety of decitabine combined with modified EIAG regimen in the treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 44 patients with relapsed/refractory AML and high-risk MDS admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to December 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were equally divided into D-EIAG group (decitabine combined with EIAG regimen) and D-CAG group (decitabine combined with CAG regimen) according to clinical treatment regimen. The complete response (CR), CR with incomplete hematologic recover (CRi), morphologic leukemia-free state (MLFS), partial response (PR), overall response rate (ORR), modified composite complete response (mCRc), overall survival (OS) time, 1-year OS rate, myelosuppression and adverse reactions between the two groups were compared.@*RESULTS@#In D-EIAG group, 16 patients (72.7%) achieved mCRc (CR+CRi+MLFS), 3 patients (13.6%) achieved PR, and ORR (mCRc+PR) was 86.4%. In D-CAG group, 9 patients (40.9%) achieved mCRc, 6 patients (27.3%) achieved PR, and ORR was 68.2%. Difference was observed in mCRc rate between the two groups (P=0.035), but not in ORR (P>0.05). The median OS time of D-EIAG group and D-CAG group was 20 (2-38) months and 16 (3-32) months, and 1-year OS rate was 72.7% and 59.1%, respectively. There was no significant difference in 1-year OS rate between the two groups (P>0.05). After induction chemotherapy, the median time for absolute neutrophil count recovery to 0.5×109/L in D-EIAG group and D-CAG group was 14 (10-27) d and 12 (10-26) d, for platelet count recovery to 20×109/L was 15 (11-28) d and 14 (11-24)d, the median red blood cell suspension transfusion volume was 8 (6-12) U and 6 (6-12) U, and the median apheresis platelet transfusion volume was 4 (2-8) U and 3 (2-6) U, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in comparison of the above indicators between the two groups (P>0.05). The hematological adverse reactions of patients were mainly myelosuppression. Grade III-IV hematological adverse events occurred in both groups (100%), with no increase in the incidence of non-hematological toxicities such as gastrointestinal reactions or liver function damage.@*CONCLUSION@#Decitabine combined with EIAG regimen in the treatment of relapsed/refractory AML and high-risk MDS can improve remission rate, provide an opportunity for subsequent therapies, and have no increase in adverse reactions compared with D-CAG regimen.

Application of Microhaplotypes in Sibling Kinship Testing / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the efficacy of different numbers of microhaplotype (MH) loci and the introduction of different reference samples on the identification of full sibling, half sibling and differentiation between full sibling and half sibling kinships, and to explore the effect of changing mutation rate on sibling testing.@*METHODS@#First, a family map involving three generations was established, and four full sibling identification models, five half sibling identification models and five models distinguishing full and half siblings were constructed for different reference samples introduced. Based on the results of the previous study, two sets of nonbinary SNP-MH containing 34 and 54 loci were selected. Based on the above MH loci, 100 000 pairs of full sibling vs. unrelated individuals, 100 000 pairs of half sibling vs. unrelated individuals and 100 000 pairs of full sibling vs. half sibling were simulated based on the corresponding sibling kinship testing models, and the efficacy of each sibling kinship testing model was analyzed by the likelihood ratio algorithm under different thresholds. The mutant rate of 54 MH loci was changed to analyze the effect of mutation rate on sibling identification.@*RESULTS@#In the same relationship testing model, the systematic efficacy of sibling testing was positively correlated with the number of MH loci detected. With the same number of MH loci, the efficacy of full sibling testing was better than that of uncle or grandfather when the reference sample introduced was a full sibling of A, but there was no significant difference in the identification efficacy of the four reference samples introduced for full sibling and half sibling differentiation testing. In addition, the mutation rate had a slight effect on the efficacy of sibling kinship testing.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Increasing the number of MH loci and introducing reference samples of known relatives can increase the efficacy of full sibling testing, half sibling testing, and differentiation between full and half sibling kinships. The level of mutation rate in sibling testing by likelihood ratio method has a slight but insignificant effect on the efficacy.

Effect of acupoint application of / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the effect between acupoint application of @*METHODS@#A total of 62 KOA patients with knee swelling after knee arthroscopy were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 31 cases in each group. In the control group, cold compress was adopted after surgery, 3 times a day. On the basis of the treatment as the control group, acupoint application of @*RESULTS@#The VAS scores 3, 5 and 7 days into treatment were lower than those before treatment in the two groups (@*CONCLUSION@#Acupoint application of

The Cre-loxP system and its derivative systems: methodology research and applications in neuroscience / 药学学报

In scientific research, it is often needed to knock in, knock out, knock down, or overexpress a specific gene in model organisms or specific types of cells to achieve precise regulation of experimental independent variables. In this case, various transgenic mice are required. The cyclization recombinase (Cre) can directly interact with different loxP (locus X over P1) DNA sequences without any cofactors to perform specific gene knock-in or knock-out at specific targets. Because of its advantages of simple action principles, high spatial specificity, and high reorganization efficiency, the Cre-loxP system is widely used in scientific research. Furthermore, the CreERT2 system (mutant of the fusion protein of Cre and estrogen receptor ligand binding domain) and the tetracycline (Tet)-on/off system, derived from the Cre-loxP system, have made the recombination of the target gene occur in temporal-specificity on the basis of spatial-specificity. This dual specificity of time and space is indispensable for research in specific directions such as fear memory and engram cells on the basis of reducing the impacts on experimental animals. Therefore, these derived systems have broad application prospects.

One-stage repair of soft tissue defects in open leg fracture / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective@#To evaluate one-stage repair of leg open fracture with soft tissue defect by fixation plus skin flap.@*Methods@#From January 2011 to January 2018, 34 patients with leg open fracture plus soft tissue defect were treated at Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital to Harbin Medical University. They were 31 males and 3 females, aged from 13 to 54 years(average, 35 years). According to the Gustilo classification, the defects were type ⅢA in 31 cases and type ⅢB in 3 cases. The wound size ranged from 6 cm×3 cm to 25 cm×10 cm. All patients were treated with emergency fracture fixation and flap repair by one stage after thorough debridement. Internal bone plating was performed in 32 patients and external fixation at a single arm in 2 patients. All defects were repaired with a free anterolateral thigh flap. Flap survival, vascular crisis and bone infection were followed up postoperatively.@*Results@#All the free flaps survived in the 34 cases with no vascular crisis. These patients were followed up for 6 months to 3 years (average, 10 years). The flaps healed well, with good appearance and soft texture. No bone infection occurred at the defective sites. After postoperative rehabilitation, the knee extension ranged from 160° to 180°, knee flexion from 90° to 110°, ankle dorsal extension from 90° to 110°, and ankle plantar flexion from 100° to 120°.@*Conclusion@#Soft tissue defects in leg open fracture can be effectively treated by flap repair after thorough debridement at the same time of fracture fixation, because the primary wound healing can avoid infection and lead to fine survival of the flap.

The prognostic significance of peripheral lymphocyte/monocyte ratio and PET-2 evaluation in adult Hodgkin’s lymphoma / 中华血液学杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the prognostic value of lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR) and PET scan performed after first two cycles of chemotherapy (PET-2) in Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) .@*Methods@#The clinical data of 133 patients with HL diagnosed from January 2007 to March 2016 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, were retrospectively analyzed. The X-tile software was used to calculate the optimal cut-off value of LMR. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression were used for survival analysis.@*Results@#The median age of 133 HL patients was 33 (18–84) years, and the male to female ratio was 1.9∶1. The optimal cut-off value of LMR was 2.5, and progression free survival (PFS) (P<0.001) and overall survival (OS) (P<0.001) were significantly lower in the LMR<2.5 group than that of LMR≥2.5. Multivariate survival analysis showed that LMR<2.5 was an independent predictor of PFS (P=0.002, HR=2.35, 95%CI 1.36–4.07) and OS (P=0.002, HR=10.36, 95%CI 2.35–45.66) in HL patients. The analysis of PET-2 from 56 HL patients showed that PET-2 positive patients had significantly poorer PFS (P=0.022) . After grouping LMR combined with PET-2, significant differences were found in PFS and OS between the three groups (P values were 0.009 and 0.012) .@*Conclusion@#LMR<2.5 is an independent prognostic factor for patients with HL. PET-2 combined with LMR may have better prognostic value.

One-stage repair of soft tissue defects in open leg fracture / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective To evaluate one-stage repair of leg open fracture with soft tissue defect by fixation plus skin flap.Methods From January 2011 to January 2018,34 patients with leg open fracture plus soft tissue defect were treated at Department of Orthopedics,The Second Affiliated Hospital to Harbin Medical University.They were 31 males and 3 females,aged from 13 to 54 years(average,35 years).According to the Gustilo classification,the defects were type ⅢA in 31 cases and type Ⅲ B in 3 cases.The wound size ranged from 6 cm × 3 cm to 25 cm × 10 cm.All patients were treated with emergency fracture fixation and flap repair by one stage after thorough debridement.Internal bone plating was performed in 32 patients and external fixation at a single arm in 2 patients.All defects were repaired with a free anterolateral thigh flap.Flap survival,vascular crisis and bone infection were followed up postoperatively.Results All the free flaps survived in the 34 cases with no vascular crisis.These patients were followed up for 6 months to 3 years (average,10 years).The flaps healed well,with good appearance and soft texture.No bone infection occurred at the defective sites.After postoperative rehabilitation,the knee extension ranged from 160° to 180°,knee flexion from 90° to 110°,ankle dorsal extension from 90° to 110°,and ankle plantar flexion from 100° to 120°.Conclusion Soft tissue defects in leg open fracture can be effectively treated by flap repair after thorough debridement at the same time of fracture fixation,because the primary wound healing can avoid infection and lead to fine survival of the flap.

Discussion on the application principle of tuina manipulations for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation in Chinese literatures in recent 30 years / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To discuss the application principle in tuina manipulation for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation (LIDH) in Chinese literatures published in recent 30 years. Methods: The three major Chinese databases, Wanfang Academic Journal Full-text Database (Wanfang), Chongqing VIP Database (CQVIP) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), were searched to collect the studies of tuina manipulations in treatment of LIDH published in recent 30 years. Clustering analysis was applied to analyze the top 20 tuina manipulations for LIDH. Results: The top 20 most frequently used manipulations for LIDH were Gun-rolling, Rou-kneading, Dian-digital pressing, oblique Ban-pulling, An-pressing, Tanbo-plucking, Bashen-pulling and extending, horizontal Tui-pushing, Na-grasping, Anrou-pressing and kneading, Dou-shaking, Yao-rocking, Ca-scrubbing, Pai-patting, post-extension Ban-pulling, Mo-rubbing, Zhen-vibrating, Nie-pinching, fist-back Ji-tapping, and dorsal Shen-extending methods. The involved manipulations can be divided into two categories by the treated body areas. One category is applied to the soft tissues, including Gun-rolling, Rou-kneading, Dian-digital pressing, An-pressing, Tanbo-plucking, horizontal Tui-pushing, Na-grasping, Anrou-pressing and kneading, Ca-scrubbing, Pai-patting, Mo-rubbing, Zhen-vibrating, Nie-pinching, and fist-back Ji-tapping methods. The other category is applied to bones and joints, including oblique Ban-pulling, Bashen-pulling and extending, Dou-shaking, Yao-rocking, post-extension Ban-pulling, and dorsal Shen-extending methods. Conclusion: Based on the treated body area, the tuina manipulations applied to treat LIDH are predominated by the ones performed on soft tissues, assisted by those on bones and joints. From the way of force exertion, the involved manipulations are majorly the swinging methods, followed by squeezing and pressing ones. The manipulations applied to bones and joints are predominated by the Ban-pulling ones, followed by the Bashen-pulling and extending ones.

Analysis of Related Factors Affecting the Nosopoiesis of Childhood Acute Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the related factors affecting the nosopoiesis of childhood acute leukemia from the perspective of indoor environmental exposure, behavior and lifestyle.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 64 children with acute leukemia were retrospectively analyzed, and 50 healthy children were selected as the control group during the same period. The basic data of children, indoor environment, behavior and lifestyle of parents in 2 groups were recorded. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the related factors affecting the incidence of childhood acute leukemia, and the OR (95%CI) value was calculated.@*RESULTS@#The unvariate analysis showed that the daily wine-drinking rate of father and pesticide use rate in acute leukemia group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that indoor ventilation during summer sleep of children (OR=0.35, 95%CI: 0.14-0.88) and contact with other children before 3 years old (OR=0.34, 95%CI: 0.18-0.65) were protective factors for provention of childhood acute leukemia (P<0.05). Mothers had a history of exposure to chemical substances (OR=3.68, 95%CI: 1.64-8.27), and children had a history of exposure to chemical substances (OR=3.84, 95%CI: 1.64-9.01), family had internal decoration history after child birth (OR = 1.38, 95%CI: 1.05-1.81) and family uses of pesticides (OR=2.17, 95%CI: 1.08-4.36), all these factors were independent risk factors for acute leukemia (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Indoor environmental exposure, behavior and lifestyle of children and parents may be closely related with the nosopoiesis of childhood acute leukemia.

Effects of lncRNA MIAT on cell proliferation of human non-small-cell lung carcinoma / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To explore the expression level of long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)myocardial infarction-as-sociated transcript(MIAT)in the tissues and cells of non-small-cell lung carcinoma(NSCLC), and to investigate the effect of MIAT on the function of NSCLC cell line.METHODS:Bioinformatic data in microarray dataset GSE19804 from Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)were collected for analyzing the difference expression of MIAT between NSCLC tissues and normal lung tissues.Clinical and prognostic data in microarray dataset GSE 30219 from GEO were also collected for an-alyzing the correlation between the expression level of MIAT and the survival time of NSCLC patients.qPCR was applied to detect the expression of MIAT in 25 paired tumor tissues and corresponding adjacent normal tissues,normal lung epithelial HBE cell line and NSCLC A549,NCI-H266 and NCI-H1299 cell lines.The specific small interfering RNA for MIAT(si-MIAT group)or negative control sequence(si-NC group)was transfected into A549 cells,and flow cytometry,colony for-mation experiment and CCK-8 assay were employed to detect the proliferation of the cells in the 2 groups.The expression levels of cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A(CDKN1A)in the 2 groups were determined by qPCR and Western blot.RESULTS:In the GEO dataset GSE19804,the expression of MIAT in NSCLC tissues was significantly ele-vated compared with normal lung tissues(P<0.05).In the GEO dataset GSE30219,the overall survival time was signifi-cantly shorter in the patients with high expression of MIAT than the patients with low expression of MIAT(P<0.05).Fur-thermore,the levels of MIAT in both NSCLC tissues and cells were higher than those in adjacent normal tissues and normal cells(P<0.05).Compared with si-NC group,lower MIAT level,cell viability and cell colony number in si-MIAT group with statistical significance were observed(P<0.05).Meanwhile, compared with si-NC group, the expression of cyclin D1 in si-MIAT group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and inversely,the expression of CDKN1A in si-MIAT group was significantly increased(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:There is high expression of MIAT in NSCLC tissues and NSCLC cells,and knockdown of MIAT expression inhibits NSCLC cell proliferation, which provides a potential target of targeted therapy for NSCLC.

Role of BAG2 gene in A549 cell proliferation and its clinical implications / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the role of Bcl-2-associated athanogene 2(BAG2)in the proliferation of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells and its clinical implications.METHODS:The abundance of BAG2 protein in A549 and lung bronchial epithelium(HBE)cells were measured by Western blot.After down-regulation of BAG2 by transfection of siRNA in A549 cells, the expression of cell proliferation and cell cycle related proteins were detected by CFSE assay, WST-1 assay and Western blot,respectively.Moreover,the expression of BAG2 in cDNA array which contained 10 pairs of lung cancer and adjacent tissue was verified.Meanwhile, BAG2 expression in GEO database, which included the human lung cancer and adjacent tissue microarray data was analyzed.The prognosis power of BAG2 was evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis.RESULTS:BAG2 had remarkably higher expression level in A 549 cells than that in HBE cells.Knockdown of BAG2 resulted in significantly inhibition of proliferation in A 549 cells,accompany with the significant-ly down-regulation of cyclin B1 and cyclin E1.BAG2 was over-expressed in the lung cancer tissues,as compared with the adjacent normal tissues.Kaplan-Meier plotter and cDNA microarray results showed that patients with higher BAG 2 expres-sion were significantly associated with poorer survival.CONCLUSION:The BAG2 gene tends to regulate A549 cells pro-liferation via cyclin B1 and cyclin E1.BAG2 has significantly prognostic power on the survival of lung cancer patients.

Safety and immunogenicity of influenza vaccine (split virion) in humans / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of a split-virion influenza vac-cine after its manufacturing process was improved. Methods The immunological non-inferiority of trial to control vaccines was evaluated in 240 subjects aged 3-<18 years. Another 360 subjects aged 18-<60 years were randomly divided into three groups that were respectively given three consecutive lots of trail vaccine to assess the consistency of immunogenicity. Results There were 4. 17% of the subjects aged 3-<18 years showed adverse reactions following immunization with trail vaccine and it was not significantly different from that of the control group (P>0. 05). No significant difference in seroconversion rate, geometric mean titer (GMT) of haemagglutination inhibition antibodies(HIAb) or protection rate was found between trial and control groups (P>0. 05). No significant difference in seroconversion rate or HIAb GMT was found among the three lots (P>0. 05). Conclusion The trial influenza vaccine has good safety, immunogenicity and lot-to-lot consistency after the manufacturing process was improved.

Astragaloside Ⅳ Protects Against Aβ1-42-induced Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Impairment in Rats / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objective To investigate the neuroprotective action of astragaloside Ⅳ (AS-Ⅳ) on spatial learning and memory impairment induced by amyloid-beta 1-42 (Aβ1-42) in rats and elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods Adult-male Sprague-Dawley rats (230-250 g) were divided into six groups randomly: control, Aβ1-42, AS-Ⅳ, Aβ1-42 plus 5 mg/kg·d AS-Ⅳ, Aβ1-42 plus 25 mg/kg·d AS-Ⅳ, and Aβ1-42 plus 50 mg/kg·d AS-Ⅳ groups. Aβ1-42 were delivered by intracerebroventricular injection under the guidance of a brain stereotaxic apparatus. The Morris water maze test (hidden platform test, probe trials, visible platform test) was performed one week after Aβ1-42 injection to obtain the ability of rat spatial learning and memory. AS-Ⅳ (5, 25 and 50 mg/kg·d) was administrated intraperitoneally once per day from the 8th day after Aβ1-42 injection for 5 consecutive days. Average escape latencies, distances for searching for the platform under water and the percentage of total time elapsed and distance swam in the right quadrant after removing platform were determined by behavior software system. The vision and swim speeds of rats were also determined to exclude the effect of these factors on the parameters of learning and memory. After behavioral tests, the rats were sacrificed immediately by decapitation. Hippocampus were collected. The enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) and catalase (CAT) in the hippocampus obtained from different-treated rat brain were measured by following the manufacturer's instructions. The levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in tissue lysates were assayed with ELISA. Results The water maze test results indicated that chronic treatments with AS-Ⅳ effectively protected the rats from Aβ1-42-induced spatial learning and memory impairment. Furthermore, the activities of SOD, GSH-px and CAT decreased by Aβ1-42 were also restored by AS-Ⅳ treatment in the hippocampus of rats. In addition, AS-Ⅳ significantly decreased the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in the hippocampus of Aβ1-42-induced amnesia's rats. Conclusion Our findings suggest that AS-Ⅳ might be a useful chemical in improving the spatial memory and relieving the oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer patients.

Treatment of cerebrospinal fluid leak after spine surgery / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

Owing to the complexity of spinal surgery, there is a great prevalence of dural tear causing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage. Many studies focused on suture repair for dural tear to stop CSF leak. Now some new treatment strategies have shown a promising effect that is listed as follows: 1) creating watertight dural closure to stop CSF leak with the help of dural substitute material; and 2) retarding CSF leak by changing pressure difference, including reducing the subarachnoid fluid pressure, increasing the epidural space pressure and both. In fact several methods mentioned above are usually combined to treat CSF leak. However, no update review summarized the relevant studies implemented in recent years. In this review, the authors would compare the effects of different dural closure techniques, and introduce the latest treatment methods and mechanisms.

Clinical features of acute poisoning in hospitalized children: an analysis of 586 cases / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical features of acute poisoning in hospitalized children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 586 hospitalized children who were diagnosed with poisoning and discharged from the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between January 2006 and December 2015.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The patients included 354 males and 232 females (age: 24 days to 15.8 years). Of the 586 cases, 450 (76.8%) were infants and preschool children; 463 (79.0%) came from rural areas; 551 (94.0%) were hospitalized because of unintentional poisoning. The drug poisoning, pesticide poisoning, and rodenticide poisoning accounted for 221 cases (37.7%), 167 cases (28.5%), and 175 cases (29.9%) respectively. There was a significant difference in the distribution of the poisoning toxins between urban and rural children (P<0.01), and drugs and pesticides were the most common toxins for urban and rural children respectively. There were significant differences in main clinical manifestations between the children with drug poisoning, pesticide poisoning, and rodenticide poisoning (P<0.01), who presented with main clinical symptoms of the nervous system, digestive system, and circulatory system respectively. There was no significant difference in overall response rate between the children poisoned by different toxins.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Acute poisoning is most common in infants and preschool children. The majority of the patients are from rural areas. The majority of acute poisoning is unintentional. Poisoning by drugs is the main type of acute poisoning. There is no significant difference in overall response rate between the children poisoned by different toxins, but their clinical manifestations are different.</p>

Research status and strategies of preventing mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B / 中华预防医学杂志

Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is the main way to transmit hepatitis B virus (HBV), and it is also the biggest contributor to high prevalence of hepatitis B in high endemic areas. Therefore, preventing MTCT may result in the decline of HBV positive ratio foundationally. Hepatitis B vaccination is currently recognized as the most economic, effective and safe measure to prevent MTCT. The key strategies in the future to prevent MTCT should be to enhance the screening of hepatitis B surface antigen, to provide the infants born to surface antigen positive mother with hepatitis B vaccine combine with hepatitis B immunoglobulin(HBIG), and to monitor the effect of the intervention.